Phys.org December 27, 2021 An international team of researchers (China, USA – Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, Italy) reviewed recent advances in meta-structured waveguides that synergize various functional subwavelength photonic architectures with diverse waveguide platforms, such as dielectric or plasmonic waveguides and optical fibers, summarized foundational results and representative applications, cataloged brief physical models with explicit design tutorials, and highlighted how meta-optics can infuse new degrees of freedom to waveguide-based devices and systems. They discussed current challenges and outlined emerging opportunities of the field for applications in photonic integrated circuits, biomedical sensing, and artificial intelligence…read more. Open Access TECHNICAL ARTICLE
Tag Archives: Review article
Better hurricane forecasts from use of infrared satellite measurements of cloudy skies
Phys.org November 4, 2021 An international team of researchers (USA – University of Wisconsin, NCAR Boulder, UK, Japan, China) surveyed the best practices for the observation and use of satellite infrared sounder and imager measurements demonstrating significant improvement in the forecasting of high-impact weather events such as hurricanes and typhoons. They reviewed development of satellite infrared data assimilation by various practitioners and the solutions they have deployed to better use such data in forecasts. They found that use of these cloud-cleared radiances in data assimilation improves the forecasting of high-impact weather events such as tropical cyclones and is now being applied […]
A new dimension in magnetism and superconductivity launched
Science Daily November 3, 2021 In recent studies the impact of curvilinear geometry enters various disciplines, ranging from solid-state physics over soft-matter physics, chemistry, and biology to mathematics. An international team of researchers (Germany, Austria) summarized the state of the art and prospects for future research in curvilinear solid-state systems exhibiting such fundamental cooperative phenomena as ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity. Highlighting the recent developments and current challenges in theory, fabrication, and characterization of curvilinear micro- and nanostructures, with emphasis on perspective research directions entailing new physics and to their strong application potential. They aim to cross the boundaries between the […]
Ultrafast control of quantum materials
Phys.org October 18, 2021 An international team of researchers (USA – Brown University, University of Pennsylvania, Germany, Switzerland) reviews recent progress in utilizing ultrafast light-matter interaction to control the macroscopic properties of quantum materials. Particular emphasis is placed on photoinduced phenomena that do not result from ultrafast heating effects but rather emerge from microscopic processes that are inherently nonthermal in nature. Many of these processes can be described as transient modifications to the free energy landscape resulting from the redistribution of quasiparticle populations, the dynamical modification of coupling strengths, and the resonant driving of the crystal lattice. Other pathways result […]
Colloidal quantum dot lasers poised to come of age
Nanowerk February 18, 2021 A team of researchers in the US (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory) sums up the recent progress in colloidal-quantum-dot research and highlights the remaining challenges and opportunities in the rapidly developing field, which is poised to enable a wide array of new laser-based and LED-based technology applications. According to the researchers these tiny specs of semiconductor matter can generate spectrally tunable lasing light, opening tremendous opportunities in areas of photonic circuits, optical communications, lab-on-a-chip sensing, and medical diagnostics. They conclude that the accumulated knowledge, along with the approaches developed for manipulating the optical-gain properties […]
The chips of the future will include programmable photonic circuits
Nanowerk October 19, 2020 The increase in complexity of circuits has introduced a generation of photonic circuits that can be programmed using software for a wide variety of functions through a mesh of on-chip waveguides, tunable beam couplers and optical phase shifters. An international team of researchers (Belgium, Spain, USA – Stanford University, MIT, Germany, Canada, Italy) discusses the state of this emerging technology, including recent developments in photonic building blocks and circuit architectures, as well as electronic control and programming strategies. They cover possible applications in linear matrix operations, quantum information processing and microwave photonics, and examine how these […]
Whitepaper evaluates opportunities and risks of nanomaterials
Nanowerk August 4, 2020 An international team of researchers led by Italy provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art regarding risk governance of nanomaterials (NMs) and lays out the theoretical basis for the development and implementation of an effective, trustworthy, and transparent risk governance framework for NMs. The proposed framework enables continuous integration of the evolving state of the science, leverages best practice from contiguous disciplines and facilitates responsive re‐thinking of nanosafety governance to meet future needs. They developed a science‐based Risk Governance Council (RGC) for NM research. The framework to be expanded to relevant advanced materials and emerging technologies…read more. […]
Graphene and 2D materials could move electronics beyond ‘Moore’s Law’
Science Daily June 3, 2020 After the first demonstration of spin transport in graphene in 2007 at room temperature, it was quickly realized that this novel material was relevant for both fundamental spintronics and future applications. In this colloquium an international team of researchers (Switzerland, USA – Columbia University, Spain, Singapore, the Netherlands, UK) reviews recent theoretical and experimental advances on electronic spin transport in graphene and related 2D materials. They focus on emergent phenomena in van der Waals heterostructures and the new perspectives provided by them, including proximity-enabled spin-orbit effects, the coupling of electronic spin to light, electrical tunability, […]
Landmark recommendations on development of artificial intelligence and the future of global health
Science Daily May 19, 2020 In this review article, a team of researchers in the US (Columbia University, Johns Hopkins University) suggests that AI-driven health interventions fit into four categories relevant to global health researchers: (1) diagnosis, (2) patient morbidity or mortality risk assessment, (3) disease outbreak prediction and surveillance, and (4) health policy and planning. However, much of the AI-driven intervention research in global health does not describe ethical, regulatory, or practical considerations required for widespread use or deployment at scale. Despite the field remaining nascent, AI-driven health interventions could lead to improved health outcomes in Low and Middle […]
The most promising strategies for defeating coronavirus: A review study
EurekAlert April 24, 2020 To help focus the global search for a treatment, researchers at the University of North Carolina provide a comprehensive resource of possible lines of attack against SARS-Cov-2 and related coronaviruses, including the results from all preclinical and clinical trials so far on vaccines against SARS and MERS. They discuss one-by-one the possible strategies against the coronavirus. Among most effective are vaccines. The most successful are likely to carry the Receptor Binding Domain (of the virus’s S-protein), which allows it to bind to and fuse with host cells. The authors discuss a range of options from fusion […]