MIT News  July 1, 2021 A team of researchers in the US (MIT, research org, University of Wisconsin, Penn State College) created a bistable toggle switch in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a cross-repression topology comprising 11 protein-protein phosphorylation elements. The toggle is ultrasensitive, can be induced to switch states in seconds, and exhibits long-term bistability. They developed a computational framework to search endogenous protein pathways for other large and similar bistable networks. The framework helped them to identify and experimentally verify five formerly unreported endogenous networks that exhibit bistability. Building synthetic protein-protein networks will enable bioengineers to design fast sensing and […]