Science Alert November 24, 2020
Researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory used Fast On-Orbit Detection of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite observations to identify superbolt-class optical lightning events and evaluate their origins. Superbolts have been defined as lightning pulses whose peak optical power exceeds 1011 W. However, it has been unclear whether superbolts resulted from particular types of high-energy lightning process or whether they were the result of measurement bias. According to their 12-year analysis of FORTE superbolt detections indicates that the lower optical superbolt energy range (~100 GW) is dominated by normal lightning, but brighter cases are predominantly strong +CG strokes that originate from specific types of storms. Oceanic storm systems, particularly during the winter, and especially those located around Japan are shown to produce these intense superbolts. They suggest that some optical superbolts result from favorable viewing conditions and would not be identified as such by another instrument located elsewhere, and that others are associated with a unique set of physics that may merit the “superbolt” distinction…read more. Open Access TECHNICAL ARTICLE