Phys.org  July 26, 2024 The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (Hunga) submarine volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022 produced aerosol and water vapor plumes in the stratosphere. An international team of researchers (Canada, USA – industry, Texas A&M) calculated the climate forcing for the 2 years after the 15 January 2022, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (Hunga) eruption using satellite observations of stratospheric aerosols, trace gases and temperatures to compute the tropopause radiative flux changes relative to climatology. The net downward radiative flux decreased compared to climatology. The Hunga stratospheric water vapor anomaly initially increased the downward infrared radiative flux, but this forcing diminished […]