Phys.org June 5, 2023 In recent years, the ability to vary the conductance of a channel in electronics has enabled in-memory computing, thus leading to substantial interest in memristors. An international team of researchers (USA – University of Pittsburg, University of Maryland, Germany, UK) reviewed recent progress in this important and emerging aspect of photonic integrated circuits and provided an overview of the current state of the art. They shed light on the evolution of this technology—and the work that still needs to be done for it to reach its full potential. They have provided a comprehensive overview of recent […]
Tag Archives: Neuromorphic computing
Scientists make a quantum harmonic oscillator at room temperature
Phys.org January 12, 2023 Room temperature polariton condensate lattices, suitable candidates for neuromorphic computing and physical simulations of complex problems, have been achieved by nanoimprinting microcavities, which by nature lacks the crucial tunability required for realistic reconfigurable simulators. An international team of researchers (UK, Singapore) has made a quantum harmonic oscillator at room temperature by an on-the-fly fully tunable optical approach. The condensate is delocalised from the excitation region by macroscopic distances, leading both to longer coherence and a threshold one order of magnitude lower than that with a conventional Gaussian excitation profile. They observed different mode selection behaviour compared […]
Discovery reveals ‘brain-like computing’ at molecular level is possible
Phys.org November 21, 2022 An international team of researchers (Singapore, USA – University of Central Florida, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, Ireland) has created a new type of organic material that learns from its past behavior emulating synaptic behavior. The molecule switches from high to low conductance states with massive negative memristive behaviour that depends on the drive speed and number of past switching events. The dynamic molecular switch provides all the fundamental logic gates necessary for deep learning because of its time-domain and voltage-dependent plasticity. The switch represents an adaptable molecular-scale hardware operable in solid-state devices and opens a pathway […]
Researchers develop a material that mimics how the brain stores information
Nanowerk November 8, 2022 While a precise modulation of magnetism is achieved when voltage is applied, much more uncontrolled is the spontaneous evolution of magneto-ionic systems upon removing the electric stimuli. An international team of researchers (Spain, Italy, Belgium) has demonstrated a voltage-controllable N ion accumulation effect at the outer surface of CoN films adjacent to a liquid electrolyte, which allows for the control of magneto-ionic properties both during and after voltage pulse actuation (i.e., stimulated, and post-stimulated behavior, respectively). This effect, which takes place when the CoN film thickness is below 50 nm and the voltage pulse frequency is […]
Researchers discover a material that can learn like the brain
Nanowerk August 22, 2022 MOS junctions can provide a variety of functionalities, from memory to computing. The technology, however, faces constraints in terms of further miniaturization and compatibility with post–von Neumann computing architectures. Manipulation of structural—rather than electronic—states could provide a path to ultrascaled low-power functional devices, but the electrical control of such states is challenging. An international team of researchers (Switzerland, South Korea) report electronically accessible long-lived structural states in vanadium dioxide that can provide a scheme for data storage and processing. The states can be arbitrarily manipulated on short timescales and tracked beyond 10,000 s after excitation, exhibiting features […]
Ultrafast ‘camera’ captures hidden behavior of potential ‘neuromorphic’ material
Phys.org May 9, 2022 A team of researchers in the US (Brookhaven National Laboratory, Duke University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory) captured the hidden trajectory of atomic motion of vanadium dioxide (VO2) as it transitioned from an insulator to a metal in response to a pulse of light. Vanadium dioxide exhibits an insulator-metal transition near room temperature in which a small voltage or current can produce a large change in resistivity with switching that can mimic the behavior of both neurons and synapses. Those are the signals produced by electrons scattering off the atoms of the vanadium dioxide sample as atoms […]
Better memristors for brain-like computing
Nanowerk March 8, 2022 Researchers in China reviewed the latest developments in the design of memristors for artificial synapses, the main component of a neuromorphic computing architecture, used in neuromorphic computing. Memristors are a relatively ideal candidate for artificial synapse applications due to their high scalability and low power consumption. However, oxide memristors suffer from unsatisfactory stability and reliability. Oxide-based hybrid structures can effectively improve the device stability and reliability, therefore providing a promising prospect for the application of oxide memristors to neuromorphic computing. The discussion is organized according to the blending schemes as well as the working mechanisms of […]
A new information storage and processing device
Phys.org July 29, 2021 An international team of researchers (USA – New York University, UC San Diego, France) combined the unique properties of quantum materials together with that of spintronic magnetic devices. They presented spin torque ferromagnetic resonance characteristics of a hybrid metal-insulator-transition oxide/ ferromagnetic metal nano constriction. Their samples incorporate vanadium trioxide (V2O3), with Ni, Permalloy (Ni80Fe20) and platinum layers patterned into a nano constriction geometry. The first order phase transition in V2O3 is shown to lead to systematic changes in the resonance response and hysteretic current control of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. The output signal can be systematically […]
‘Edge of chaos’ opens pathway to artificial intelligence discoveries
Phys.org June 29, 2021 An international team of researchers (Australia, Japan) discovered that on the neuromorphic dynamics of nanowire networks (NWNs), a unique brain-inspired system with synapse-like memristive junctions embedded within a recurrent neural network-like structure. Through simulation and experiment they elucidated how collective memristive switching gives rise to long-range transport pathways, drastically altering the network’s global state via a discontinuous phase transition. The spatio-temporal properties of switching dynamics are found to be consistent with avalanches displaying power-law size and life-time distributions, with exponents obeying the crackling noise relationship, thus satisfying criteria for criticality, as observed in cortical neuronal cultures. […]
Engineers harvest WiFi signals to power small electronics
Nanowerk May 18, 2021 Widespread use of the 2.4GHz radio frequency that uses WiFi has made excess signals available to be tapped for alternative uses. An international team of researchers (Singapore, India, Japan) has demonstrated electrical synchronization of four non-vortex uniformly magnetized spin-torque oscillators (STOs) using a single common current source in both parallel and series configurations at 2.4 GHz band, resolving the frequency-area quandary for designing STO based on-chip communication systems. The synchronized STOs showed an excellent time-domain stability and substantially improved phase noise performance. By integrating the electrically connected eight STOs, they demonstrated the battery-free energy-harvesting system utilizing the […]