Phys.org July 5, 2022 When single-pixel imaging (SPI) is applied to imaging the dynamic object, severe motion blur in the restored image tends to appear. Researchers in China used a small amount of information detected by the single-pixel detector to locate and track the moving targets. With the increase of detection information over time, imaging of fast-moving objects and motion blur correction were realized synchronously. The technology fully exploits the characteristics of single-pixel detection and realizes rapid positioning, clear imaging, and recognition of fast-moving targets according to the characteristics of the system’s detection information data stream. The proposed technology roadmaps […]
Author Archives: Hema Viswanath
Photon-controlled diode: An optoelectronic device with a new signal processing behavior
Phys.org July 1, 2022 The photodetector is a key component in optoelectronic integrated circuits. Although there are various device structures and mechanisms, the output current changes either from rectified to fully-on or from fully-off to fully-on after illumination. According to researchers in China the device that changes the output current from fully-off to rectified should be possible. They designed a photon-controlled diode based on a n/n− molybdenum disulfide junction. Schottky junctions formed at the cathode and anode either prevent or allow the device to be rectifying, so that the output current of the device changes from fully-off to rectified. By […]
Physicists see electron whirlpools for the first time
Phys.org July 6, 2022 To visualize electron vortices, an international team of researchers (Israel, USA – University of Colorado, MIT) synthesized pure single crystals of tungsten ditelluride, and exfoliated thin flakes of the material. Using e-beam lithography and plasma etching techniques they patterned each flake into a center channel connected to a circular chamber on either side. They etched the same pattern into thin flakes of gold with ordinary, classical electronic properties. They ran a current through each patterned sample at ultralow temperatures of 4.5 kelvins and measured the current flow at specific points throughout each sample, using SQUID on […]
Physicists work to shrink microchips with first one-dimensional helium model system
Phys.org July 6, 2022 As the spatial dimension is lowered, locally stabilizing interactions are reduced, leading to the emergence of strongly fluctuating phases of matter without classical analogues. A team of researchers in the US (University of Tennessee, Argonne National Laboratory, Caltech, University of Indiana) describes the experimental observation of a one-dimensional quantum liquid of 4He using nanoengineering by confining it within a porous material preplated with a noble gas to enhance dimensional reduction. The resulting excitations of the confined 4He are qualitatively different than bulk superfluid helium and can be analyzed in terms of a mobile impurity allowing for […]
Researchers develop world’s most durable hydrogen fuel cell
Nanowerk July 2, 2022 An international team of researchers (Hong Kong, USA – Argonne National Laboratory, China, Morocco) has designed a hybrid electrocatalyst that consists of atomically dispersed Pt and Fe single atoms and Pt–Fe alloy nanoparticles. Its Pt mass activity is 3.7 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C in a fuel cell. The fuel cell with a low Pt loading in the cathode shows an excellent durability, with a 97% activity retention after 100,000 cycles and no noticeable current drop at 0.6 V for over 200 hours. These results highlight the importance of the synergistic effects among active sites in […]
Review of technologies that boost potential for carbon dioxide conversion to useful products
Phys.org July 1, 2022 Researchers in China summarized the recent advances in MOFs based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation towards diverse products. It includes synthesis strategies for different kinds of MOFs based catalysts, selective hydrogenation of CO2 towards CO and methane over various metal nanoparticles/MOFs, heterogenization and isolation of molecular catalysts by MOFs, selective hydrogenation of CO2 toward methanol, the synergy between auxiliary sites and noble metal, and tandem catalytic systems of molecular catalysts and Lewis acid sites. The integration of multiple metal sites, promoters, and cocatalysts into MOFs is described for the selective hydrogenation of CO2 to C2+ products. The […]
Top 10 Science and Technology Inventions for the Week of July 1, 2022
01. AI Improves Robotic Performance in DARPA’s Machine Common Sense Program 02. Cocrystal engineering—a clever way for designing multifunctional material 03. Controlling non-classical mechanical states in a phononic waveguide architecture 04. Light traveling in a distorting medium can appear undistorted 05. A mirror tracks a single nanoparticle 06. New single-mode semiconductor laser delivers power with scalability 07. Novel gel proves itself to be a highly tunable color filter 08. Quantum network nodes with warm atoms 09. Robot overcomes uncertainty to retrieve buried objects 10. Spray-n-Sense: Spray-painting sensors on any surface And others… Novel microfluidic chip can detect contaminants in 100-picoliter […]
AI Improves Robotic Performance in DARPA’s Machine Common Sense Program
DARPA News June 22, 2022 A team of researchers in the US(UC Berkeley, Oregon State University, University of Utah, University of Washington) working on DARPA’s Machine Common Sense (MCS) program demonstrated a series of improvements to robotic system performance over the course of multiple experiments. Just as infants must learn from experience, MCS seeks to construct computational models that mimic the core domains of child cognition for objects (intuitive physics), agents (intentional actors), and places (spatial navigation). Using only simulated training, recent MCS experiments demonstrated advancements in systems’ abilities – ranging from understanding how to grasp objects and adapting to […]
Cocrystal engineering—a clever way for designing multifunctional material
EurekAlert June 24, 2022 Using cocrystal engineering researchers in China have designed Flu-TCNQ cocrystal with integrated optoelectronic properties. They selected the Flu (donor) as the luminescence unit due to its good luminescence, extended π-conjugated plans, and rich electrons properties, and the TCNQ (acceptor) as the electrical building block, a typical n-type semiconductor that can provide a strong electron-withdrawing capacity. Driven by the charge transfer (CT) interaction and affected by the D-A molecules stacking mode, the emission of Flu-TCNQ cocrystal was regulated to be red, and the n-type charge transport property of the acceptor molecule was maintained in the cocrystal. According […]
Controlling non-classical mechanical states in a phononic waveguide architecture
Phys.org June 24, 2022 Researchers in the Netherlands used a cavity–waveguide architecture, where the cavity is used as a source and detector for the mechanical excitations while the waveguide has a free-standing end to reflect the phonons. This enabled them to observe multiple round trips of phonons between the source and the reflector. The long mechanical lifetime of almost 100 μs demonstrated the possibility of nearly lossless transmission of single phonons over tens of centimetres. Their experiment demonstrated full on-chip control over travelling single phonons strongly confined in the direction transverse to the propagation axis, potentially enabling a time-encoded multimode quantum […]