Nanowerk May 22, 2023
The constantly shrinking critical dimension in state-of-the-art technologies requires fabrication of complex conductive structures with nanometer resolution. Electrochemical techniques can produce impurity-free metallic conductors with superb electrical and mechanical properties, however, true nanoscale resolution (<100 nm) remained unattainable. An international team of researchers (Switzerland, Singapore) employed nozzles with dimensions as small as 1 nm to demonstrate layer-by-layer manufacturing of 25 nm diameter voxels. Full control of the printing process allowed adjustment of the feature size on-the-fly, printing tilted, and overhanging structures. Based on experimental evidence, they estimated the limits of electrochemical 3D printing and discussed the origins of this new resolution frontier… read more. Open Access TECHNICAL ARTICLE
Graphical abstract. Credit: Nano Lett. 2021, 21, 21, 9093–9101, October 26, 2021