Phys.org  August 14, 2024 Toroidal electromagnetic pulses have been recently reported as non-transverse, space-time non-separable topological excitations of free space. However, their propagation dynamics and topological configurations have not been comprehensively experimentally characterized. The existing generators were limited in optical and terahertz domains; however, the feasibility and significance of generating such pulses at microwave frequencies have been overlooked. An international team of researchers (USA – Illinois Institute of Technology, China, Singapore) found that microwave toroidal pulses could be launched by a transient finite-aperture broadband horn antenna emitter, as an electromagnetic counterpart of “air vortex cannon.” Using this generator, they experimentally […]