Phys.org December 16, 2024 An international team of researchers (USA -Sandia National Laboratory, Germany, France) implemented a molecular-spin dynamics methodology to accurately resolve, across large regions of phase-space, structural/magnetic transitions, and elastic/transport properties for iron to reconcile different theories of geodynamo operation, augmenting decades of deep experimental investigation. Dynamic compression of iron to Earth-core conditions is one of the few ways to gather important elastic and transport properties needed to uncover key mechanisms surrounding the geodynamo effect. The framework enabled an accurate resolution of the phase-transition kinetics and Earth-core elastic properties, as highlighted by compressional wave velocity and adiabatic bulk […]
Category Archives: Computing
Photonic processor could enable ultrafast AI computations with extreme energy efficiency
MIT News December 2, 2024 Optical systems can perform linear matrix operations at an exceptionally high rate and efficiency. However, demonstrating coherent, ultralow-latency optical processing of deep neural networks has remained an outstanding challenge. A team of researchers in the US (MIT, industries) realized such a system in a scalable photonic integrated circuit that monolithically integrated multiple coherent optical processor units for matrix algebra and nonlinear activation functions into a single chip and experimentally demonstrated fully integrated coherent optical neural network architecture for a deep neural network with six neurons and three layers that optically computed both linear and nonlinear […]
Researchers use laser beams to pioneer new quantum computing breakthrough
Phys.org November 30, 2024 To enable parallel computations optical computing leverages interference, a cornerstone of quantum computing algorithms. Researchers in South Africa blended quantum computing with classical structured light by formulating the process of photonic matrix multiplication using quantum mechanical principles such as state superposition and demonstrated Deutsch–Jozsa’s algorithm, by elucidating the inherent tensor product structure within the Cartesian transverse degrees of freedom of light. They demonstrated the operation of a Hadamard gate. According to the researchers their approach show it is adaptable to various algorithms, and advances the use of structured light for quantum information processing… read more. Open […]
A multi-level breakthrough in optical computing—a faster, more efficient, and robust memory cell
Phys.org October 23, 2024 A typical approach to photonic processing is to multiply a rapidly changing optical input vector with a matrix of fixed optical weights. However, encoding these weights on-chip using an array of photonic memory cells is currently limited by a wide range of material- and device-level issues, such as the programming speed, extinction ratio and endurance, among others. An international team of researchers (USA – UC Santa Barbara, University of Pittsburg, Italy, Japan) proposed a new approach to encoding optical weights for in-memory photonic computing using magneto-optic memory cells comprising heterogeneously integrated cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG) […]
Novel computational method addresses obstacles in phonon-based heat simulation
Phys.org September 23, 2024 The phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is commonly used for qualitatively studying the non-Fourier thermal transport phenomena of toy problems. Researchers at the University of Michigan demonstrated an efficient and parameter-free computational method of the phonon BTE to achieve quantitatively accurate thermal simulation for realistic materials and devices. Their method did not rely on empirical material properties input. It could be generally applicable for different materials and the predicted results could match well with experimental results. According to the researchers full-scale thermal simulation of a 3-dimensional fin field-effect transistor with 13 million degrees of freedom, could […]
Energy-saving computing with magnetic whirls
Phys.org September 16, 2024 Magnetic skyrmions are promising candidates for reservoir computing systems due to their enhanced stability, non-linear interactions and low-power manipulation. Traditional spin-based reservoir computing has been limited to quasi-static detection or real-world data must be rescaled to the intrinsic timescale of the reservoir. An international team of researchers (Germany, The Netherlands, Norway) addressed this challenge by time-multiplexed skyrmion reservoir computing, that allowed for aligning the reservoir’s intrinsic timescales to real-world temporal patterns. Using millisecond-scale hand gestures recorded with Range-Doppler radar, they fed voltage excitations directly into their device and detected the skyrmion trajectory evolution. This method was […]
MIT researchers use large language models to flag problems in complex systems
MIT News August 14, 2024 The flexible nature of large language models (LLMs) allows them to be used for many applications. A team of researchers in the US (MIT, industry) used LLMs for challenging task time series anomaly detection. They addressed two aspects novel for LLMs: the need for the model to identify part of the input sequence (or multiple parts) as anomalous; and the need for it to work with time series data rather than the traditional text input. Their framework included a timeseries-to-text conversion module, as well as end-to-end pipelines that prompt language models to perform time series […]
New possibilities for reservoir computing with topological magnetic and ferroelectric systems
Phys.org July 3, 2024 Topological spin textures in magnetic materials and arrangements of electric dipoles in ferroelectrics are promising candidates for next-generation information technology and unconventional computing. Exciting examples are magnetic skyrmions and ferroelectric domain walls. In their article an international team of researchers (Germany, Norway) discussed how the physical properties of these topological nanoscale systems can be leveraged for reservoir computing, that is, for translating non-linear problems into linearly solvable ones. Topological nanoscale systems fulfill the requirements for non-linearity, complexity, short-term memory and reproducibility, giving new opportunities for the downscaling of devices, enhanced complexity and versatile input and readout […]
Compact quantum light processing: New findings lead to advances in optical quantum computing
Phys.org April 19, 2024 The polarization of single photons are used as addressable degrees of freedom for turning the interference of nonclassical states of light into practical applications. However, the scale-up for the processing of a large number of photons of these architectures is very resource-demanding due to the rapidly increasing number of components, such as optical elements, photon sources, and detectors. An international team of researchers (Austria, Italy, Belgium) demonstrated a resource-efficient architecture for multiphoton processing based on time-bin encoding in a single spatial mode. They used an efficient quantum dot single-photon source and a fast programmable time-bin interferometer […]
Magnetic whirls pave the way for energy-efficient computing
Phys.org September 11, 2023 Magnetic skyrmions have garnered considerable interest due to a variety of electromagnetic responses that are governed by the topology. The topology that creates a microscopic gyro tropic force also causes detrimental effects, such as the skyrmion Hall effect, which is a well-studied phenomenon highlighting the influence of topology on the deterministic dynamics and drift motion. Furthermore, the gyrotropic force is anticipated to have a substantial impact on stochastic diffusive motion; however, the predicted repercussions have yet to be demonstrated, even qualitatively. An international team of researchers (Germany, Japan, Sweden, Czech Republic) demonstrated enhanced thermally activated diffusive […]