Phys.org September 23, 2024 The phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is commonly used for qualitatively studying the non-Fourier thermal transport phenomena of toy problems. Researchers at the University of Michigan demonstrated an efficient and parameter-free computational method of the phonon BTE to achieve quantitatively accurate thermal simulation for realistic materials and devices. Their method did not rely on empirical material properties input. It could be generally applicable for different materials and the predicted results could match well with experimental results. According to the researchers full-scale thermal simulation of a 3-dimensional fin field-effect transistor with 13 million degrees of freedom, could […]
Category Archives: Computing
Energy-saving computing with magnetic whirls
Phys.org September 16, 2024 Magnetic skyrmions are promising candidates for reservoir computing systems due to their enhanced stability, non-linear interactions and low-power manipulation. Traditional spin-based reservoir computing has been limited to quasi-static detection or real-world data must be rescaled to the intrinsic timescale of the reservoir. An international team of researchers (Germany, The Netherlands, Norway) addressed this challenge by time-multiplexed skyrmion reservoir computing, that allowed for aligning the reservoir’s intrinsic timescales to real-world temporal patterns. Using millisecond-scale hand gestures recorded with Range-Doppler radar, they fed voltage excitations directly into their device and detected the skyrmion trajectory evolution. This method was […]
MIT researchers use large language models to flag problems in complex systems
MIT News August 14, 2024 The flexible nature of large language models (LLMs) allows them to be used for many applications. A team of researchers in the US (MIT, industry) used LLMs for challenging task time series anomaly detection. They addressed two aspects novel for LLMs: the need for the model to identify part of the input sequence (or multiple parts) as anomalous; and the need for it to work with time series data rather than the traditional text input. Their framework included a timeseries-to-text conversion module, as well as end-to-end pipelines that prompt language models to perform time series […]
New possibilities for reservoir computing with topological magnetic and ferroelectric systems
Phys.org July 3, 2024 Topological spin textures in magnetic materials and arrangements of electric dipoles in ferroelectrics are promising candidates for next-generation information technology and unconventional computing. Exciting examples are magnetic skyrmions and ferroelectric domain walls. In their article an international team of researchers (Germany, Norway) discussed how the physical properties of these topological nanoscale systems can be leveraged for reservoir computing, that is, for translating non-linear problems into linearly solvable ones. Topological nanoscale systems fulfill the requirements for non-linearity, complexity, short-term memory and reproducibility, giving new opportunities for the downscaling of devices, enhanced complexity and versatile input and readout […]
Compact quantum light processing: New findings lead to advances in optical quantum computing
Phys.org April 19, 2024 The polarization of single photons are used as addressable degrees of freedom for turning the interference of nonclassical states of light into practical applications. However, the scale-up for the processing of a large number of photons of these architectures is very resource-demanding due to the rapidly increasing number of components, such as optical elements, photon sources, and detectors. An international team of researchers (Austria, Italy, Belgium) demonstrated a resource-efficient architecture for multiphoton processing based on time-bin encoding in a single spatial mode. They used an efficient quantum dot single-photon source and a fast programmable time-bin interferometer […]
Magnetic whirls pave the way for energy-efficient computing
Phys.org September 11, 2023 Magnetic skyrmions have garnered considerable interest due to a variety of electromagnetic responses that are governed by the topology. The topology that creates a microscopic gyro tropic force also causes detrimental effects, such as the skyrmion Hall effect, which is a well-studied phenomenon highlighting the influence of topology on the deterministic dynamics and drift motion. Furthermore, the gyrotropic force is anticipated to have a substantial impact on stochastic diffusive motion; however, the predicted repercussions have yet to be demonstrated, even qualitatively. An international team of researchers (Germany, Japan, Sweden, Czech Republic) demonstrated enhanced thermally activated diffusive […]
Magnonic computing: Faster spin waves could make novel computing systems possible
Phys.org August 16, 2023 Spin waves are ideal candidates for wave-based computing, but the construction of magnetic circuits is blocked by the lack of an efficient mechanism to excite long-running exchange spin waves with normalized amplitudes. An international team of researchers (Austria, Ukraine, Germany, Czech Republic) solved the problem by exploiting a deeply nonlinear phenomenon for forward volume spin waves in 200-nm-wide nanoscale waveguides and validated their concept using microfocused Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. An unprecedented nonlinear frequency shift of more than 2 GHz was achieved, corresponding to a magnetization precession angle of 55° and enabled the excitation of spin […]
Using magnetic effects in electrons for a hundredfold reduction in the power consumption of future chips
Nanowerk August 15, 2023 As electronic devices shrink, they become more powerful, use more energy and produce more heat. A consortium of researchers is working under an EU funded HORIZON project, “SPIDER” (Spin Wave Computing for Ultimately-Scaled Hybrid Low-Power Electronics), to investigate how changes to the magnetic properties of semiconductors could achieve a hundredfold reduction in the power consumption of computer chips. They have developed a computer system that combines magnonics with conventional computing technology with its standard semiconductor systems. They produced an interface between the conventional computer and a spin wave circuit made from sapphire or gadolinium gallium garnet […]
A quantum leap in computational performance of quantum processors
Phys.org April 24, 2023 An international team of researchers (Israel, Germany, UAE) is improving the performance of superconducting qubits, the basic computation units of a superconducting quantum processor. They studied a series of tunable flux qubits inductively coupled to a coplanar waveguide resonator fabricated on a sapphire substrate. Each qubit included an asymmetric superconducting quantum interference device, which is controlled by the application of an external magnetic field and acts as a tunable Josephson junction. The tunability of the qubits is typically ±3.5GHz around their central gap frequency. The measured relaxation times are limited by dielectric losses in the substrate […]
The Key to Securing Legacy Computing Systems
DARPA News April 10, 2023 For a cyber-attack to be successful, one must conduct a sequence of exploits to move from the initial system access, through privilege escalation and lateral motion steps, until reaching the ultimate target. With processor hardware enhancements, fine-grained software compartmentalization would not significantly impact the system’s speed and efficiency. The challenge, however, is in the billions of lines of existing software, all of which would be impossibly time-consuming to rewrite in safer programming languages. Through its new Compartmentalization and Privilege Management (CPM) program, DARPA is seeking proposals to develop tools that can automatically restructure a software […]